Introduction
Chicken pox, medically known as Varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). It is most common in children, but can also affect adults, where the disease tends to be more severe.
VARICELLA ( CHICKEN POX )
Cause of Chicken Pox
Chicken pox is caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus, which spreads through:
- Airborne droplets (coughing, sneezing)
- Direct contact with fluid from blisters
- Close personal contact with an infected person
Incubation Period
- 10–21 days after exposure
- The patient becomes contagious 1–2 days before the rash appears and remains so until all lesions crust over.
Signs and Symptoms
Early Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue and body ache
Skin Rash
- Red spots → fluid-filled blisters → scabs
- Rash usually starts on:
- Face
- Scalp
- Chest and back
- Later spreads to the whole body
- Severe itching is common
Stages of Chicken Pox Rash
- Macules (red spots)
- Papules (raised lesions)
- Vesicles (fluid-filled blisters)
- Crusting and healing
All stages may be present at the same time, which is characteristic of chicken pox.
Complications
More common in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients:
- Secondary bacterial infection
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Dehydration
- Scarring
Diagnosis
- Usually clinical diagnosis
- Blood tests or PCR may be required in doubtful cases
Treatment
General Treatment
- Rest
- Adequate fluids
- Antipyretics (Paracetamol for fever)
- Antihistamines for itching
Antiviral Therapy
- Acyclovir (especially in adults, severe cases, or high-risk patients)
- Most effective if started within 24–48 hours
NOTE :-
⚠️ Avoid aspirin in children (risk of Reye’s syndrome)
Prevention
Varicella Vaccine
- Highly effective
- Given in two doses
- Recommended for children and non-immune adults
Isolation
- Patient should be isolated until all lesions crust over
Chicken Pox and Pregnancy
- Can be serious for both mother and fetus
- Immediate medical consultation is required
When to See a Doctor
- High fever not responding to treatment
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe headache or vomiting
- Signs of skin infection (pus, redness, pain)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is chicken pox contagious?
Yes, it is highly contagious.
2. Can adults get chicken pox?
Yes, and symptoms are often more severe than in children.
3. Can chicken pox occur twice?
Usually only once, but rarely it can recur.
4. What is the relation between chicken pox and shingles?
The virus remains dormant and may reactivate later as Herpes Zoster (Shingles).
5. How long does chicken pox last?
About 7–14 days.
6. Does chicken pox leave scars?
Scratching may lead to permanent scarring.
Conclusion
Chicken pox is a common but potentially serious viral illness. Early diagnosis, proper care, and vaccination are key to prevention and reducing complications. Awareness and timely medical care ensure safe recovery.
