What Is an Aphthous Ulcer?
An aphthous ulcer, commonly called a canker sore, is a small, painful ulcer that develops inside the mouth. It usually appears on the inner lips, cheeks, tongue, or soft palate. Unlike cold sores, aphthous ulcers are not contagious and typically heal on their own within 7–14 days.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but common triggers include:
- Minor injury to the mouth (biting the cheek, hard toothbrush)
- Emotional stress
- Vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid deficiency
- Hormonal changes
- Spicy or acidic foods
- Food allergies or sensitivities
- Weak immune response
- Certain medical conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease
Symptoms
- Small round or oval ulcers with a white or yellow center
- Red border around the ulcer
- Pain or burning sensation
- Difficulty eating, drinking, or speaking
- Mild swelling around the affected area
Treatment
Most aphthous ulcers heal without treatment. To reduce pain and speed healing:
- Use antiseptic or saltwater mouth rinses.
- Apply topical oral gels or protective pastes.
- Take pain relievers if needed.
- Avoid spicy, hot, or acidic foods.
- Maintain good oral hygiene.
- Correct any vitamin deficiencies if present.
Prevention
- Brush gently with a soft toothbrush.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
- Reduce stress through relaxation techniques.
- Avoid foods that trigger ulcers.
- Stay well hydrated.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical advice if:
- The ulcer lasts longer than 2 weeks.
- Ulcers are very large or occur frequently.
- There is severe pain, fever, or difficulty swallowing.
- You have multiple recurrent mouth ulcers.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Are aphthous ulcers contagious?
No. They cannot spread from one person to another.
2. How long do they take to heal?
Most heal naturally within 7–14 days.
3. Can vitamin deficiency cause mouth ulcers?
Yes. Deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, or iron can contribute to recurrent ulcers.
4. What foods should I avoid?
Avoid spicy, acidic, salty, and very hot foods until the ulcer heals.
5. Can stress cause aphthous ulcers?
Yes. Emotional stress is a common trigger in many people.
Conclusion
Aphthous ulcers are common, painful mouth sores that usually heal without leaving scars. Good oral hygiene, a nutritious diet, and avoiding known triggers can help prevent recurrence. If ulcers are frequent, unusually large, or persistent, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.
